The term “Paris Commune”, in French “La Commune de Paris”, originally referred to the government of Paris during the French Revolution. Nevertheless, the term more commonly refers to the socialist government that briefly ruled Paris from March 18 (more formally from March 26) to May 28, 1871.
The Paris Commune is repeatedly said to be the first case of working people taking power. Therefore, it is a highly momentous event, even if it is ignored in the French history curriculum. On May 18, 1871, after the defeat of France by Prussia in the Franco-Prussian war, the government of France sent troops into Paris to attempt and take back the Parisian Guard’s cannon before the people got hold of it.
The Parisian National Guard held free elections and the citizens of Paris voted a council made up mostly of Jacobins and Republicans. Paris was acknowledged as a self-governing commune by the council and that France should be a confederation of communes.
Contemporary anarchists were thrilled by these developments. The truth that majority of Paris had organized itself even with the absence of support from the state and was urging the rest of the world to do the same. The Paris Commune led by example in showing that it is possible for a society to get organized from the bottom up. The reforms initiated by the commune, like turning workplaces into co-operatives, put anarchist theory into practice. By the end of May, 43 workplaces had become co-operatives and the Louvre Museum was a munitions factory run by a worker’s council. The Paris Commune initiated reforms like, turning workplaces into co-operatives, put anarchist theory into practice. By the end of May, there were 43 workplaces turned into co-operatives and the Louvre Museum became a munitions factory run by a worker’s council.
The council became more and more isolated from the people who had elected it. The more isolated it got the more authoritarian it has become. The council set up a Committee of public Safety to defend the revolution. But this committee was opposed by the anarchists minority on the council was ignored by the people who, predictably, were concerned with defending Paris from French army invasion.
On the 21st of May, the government troops entered the city and were met seven days of solid street fighting. The last stand of the Communards took place at the cemetery of the Montmarte, and maiming at will. There were 30,000 killed in the battles, many of them after they have surrendered, and their bodies were dumped in mass graves.
The legacy of the Paris Commune lived on, despite the fact that it had ended sadly, and “Vive la Commune!” (Long live the Commune!) was painted on the walls of Paris during the uprising in 1968.
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